2.2 Line of Reasoning & Assumptions

Line of reasoning

A line of reasoning is how an argument's claims connect in a logical chain toward the conclusion. Following it shows whether the argument actually holds together.

Assumptions

An assumption is an unstated belief the argument takes for granted. Identifying hidden assumptions reveals where an argument might be vulnerable.

Implications

Every argument has implications — the consequences that follow if its claim is accepted. Considering implications tests whether the argument's conclusion is reasonable.

Key terms

Line of reasoning

the logical chain connecting an argument's claims

Assumption

an unstated belief taken for granted

Implication

a consequence that follows from a claim

Hidden assumptions

reveal an argument's vulnerabilities

Coherence

does the reasoning actually hold together?

Try an AP-style question

An assumption in an argument is…

1. a statistic cited from a study
2. an unstated belief the argument relies on
3. the main claim of the argument
4. the author's counterargument