2.1 Analyzing Arguments

Argument parts

An argument makes a claim (the main point), supported by evidence and connected by reasoning. To analyze one, identify each part and how they fit together.

Claim types

Claims can be of fact (what is true), value (what is good), or policy (what should be done). Naming the claim type clarifies what evidence is needed.

Evidence and reasoning

Evidence is the support (data, examples, testimony); reasoning is the logic linking evidence to the claim. A gap in reasoning weakens even well-supported claims.

Key terms

Argument

a claim supported by evidence and reasoning

Claim

the main point an argument proves

Evidence

the support: data, examples, testimony

Reasoning

the logic linking evidence to the claim

Claim types

fact, value, policy

Try an AP-style question

An argument's main claim is…

1. its longest paragraph
2. its first sentence
3. the central position it defends
4. its title