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AP Research · Unit 5: The Academic Paper & Defense

5.2 Academic Writing & Citation

Academic voice

Academic writing is clear, precise, and objective. Define terms, support claims with evidence, and avoid vague or emotional language.

Integrating sources

Paraphrase and quote with skill, always attributing ideas. Integrate evidence into your reasoning rather than dropping quotations without comment.

Citation styles

Use a consistent citation style (MLA, APA, Chicago) for in-text citations and a reference list. Accurate citation avoids plagiarism and lets readers trace your sources.

Key terms

Academic voice
clear, precise, objective; evidence-based
Paraphrase
restate an idea in your own words (with attribution)
Integrating sources
weave evidence into your reasoning
Citation styles
MLA, APA, Chicago
Why cite
avoid plagiarism; let readers trace sources

Try an AP-style question

Academic writing should be…

  1. full of slang
  2. casual and emotional
  3. precise, objective, and cited
  4. uncited
Show the answer

C. Scholarly tone.

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