4.2 Conclusions & Limitations

Answering the question

Your conclusion returns to the research question and states what your findings suggest — carefully, in proportion to your evidence.

Don't overclaim

Match claims to evidence. A small study can suggest, not prove. Correlation is not causation; avoid claiming more than your data support.

Limitations & future research

State your study's limitations honestly and suggest future research that could address them. This shows scholarly maturity and situates your contribution.

Key terms

Conclusion

returns to the question; states what findings suggest

Don't overclaim

match claims to evidence; suggest vs. prove

Correlation ≠ causation

a relationship doesn't prove cause

Limitations

state your study's constraints honestly

Future research

suggest studies that could address the limits

Try an AP-style question

A limitation of a study is…

1. a weakness that affects its conclusions
2. a particular strength of the method
3. a citation in the reference list
4. the research question being asked