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AP Research · Unit 1: Framing a Research Question

1.3 Research Ethics

Protecting participants

Research involving people requires ethics: informed consent, protection from harm, privacy, and honesty. Many studies need approval from an ethics board (IRB).

Informed consent

Informed consent means participants understand what the study involves and freely agree to take part, knowing they can withdraw at any time.

Integrity

Ethical research means honest data — never fabricating, falsifying, or plagiarizing. Report results truthfully, even when they don't fit your hypothesis.

Key terms

Research ethics
consent, no harm, privacy, honesty
Informed consent
participants understand and freely agree
IRB / ethics board
reviews research involving people
Right to withdraw
participants may leave at any time
Integrity
never fabricate, falsify, or plagiarize data

Try an AP-style question

Informed consent means participants…

  1. are paid a lot
  2. are not told anything
  3. are chosen secretly
  4. understand and agree to the study
Show the answer

D. Ethics.

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