8.3 Phrase Structure & Analysis

Putting it together

Full analysis combines everything: identify the key and mode, label chords with Roman numerals, mark cadences, spot non-chord tones and secondary dominants, and outline the form.

Phrase relationships

Phrases relate as parallel (both begin alike) or contrasting. A period balances an antecedent and consequent; a sentence presents an idea, repeats/varies it, then continues to a cadence.

Hearing structure

Good analysis connects the notation to the sound: where tension builds and releases, where the music arrives 'home,' and how motives and harmony shape the listener's experience.

Key terms

Full analysis

key/mode, Roman numerals, cadences, NCTs, form

Parallel phrases

begin with similar material

Contrasting phrases

begin with different material

Period

antecedent + consequent (balanced phrases)

Sentence

idea, repetition/variation, continuation to a cadence

Try an AP-style question

A period consists of…

1. an antecedent and a consequent phrase
2. a single phrase with no cadence
3. three unrelated phrases in a row
4. a single short motive repeated