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AP Japanese Language & Culture · Unit 3: Beauty & Aesthetics

3.2 The ます-Form (Polite Verbs)

Polite present/future

The ます-form (masu-form) is the polite verb ending: 食べます (tabemasu) = eat/will eat, 行きます (ikimasu) = go. It covers present and future.

Negative and past

Negative: ません (食べません = don't eat). Past: ました (食べました = ate). Past negative: ませんでした (食べませんでした = didn't eat).

Verb-final

Like です, the verb ends the sentence: 私はすしを食べます (watashi wa sushi o tabemasu) = I eat sushi. Note the object particle を (o) before the verb.

Key terms

〜ます
polite present/future: 食べます (eat/will eat)
〜ません
polite negative: 食べません (don't eat)
〜ました
polite past: 食べました (ate)
〜ませんでした
polite past negative (didn't eat)
を (o)
object particle: すしを食べます

Try an AP-style question

The ます form of "たべる" is…

  1. たべます
  2. たべります
  3. たべるます
  4. たべいます
Show the answer

A. Ru-verb.

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