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AP Japanese Language & Culture · Unit 1: Families & Communities

1.3 Numbers & Counters

Numbers 1–10

一 (ichi) 1, 二 (ni) 2, 三 (san) 3, 四 (yon/shi) 4, 五 (go) 5, 六 (roku) 6, 七 (nana/shichi) 7, 八 (hachi) 8, 九 (kyū) 9, 十 (jū) 10.

Counters

To count things, Japanese adds a counter after the number, chosen by the object's type: 〜人 (nin) for people, 〜本 (hon) for long things, 〜枚 (mai) for flat things, 〜つ (tsu) general.

Sound changes

Counters cause sound changes: 一本 (ippon), 三本 (sanbon), 六本 (roppon). The generic 〜つ counter (ひとつ, ふたつ, みっつ…) works for many objects up to ten.

Key terms

一 二 三 四 五
ichi ni san yon go — 1 2 3 4 5
六 七 八 九 十
roku nana hachi kyū jū — 6 7 8 9 10
Counter
follows the number, chosen by object type
〜人 / 〜本 / 〜枚
nin (people) / hon (long) / mai (flat)
〜つ
tsu — general counter (ひとつ, ふたつ…)

Try an AP-style question

The counter for flat objects like paper is…

  1. 〜さつ (satsu)
  2. 〜まい (mai)
  3. 〜ほん (hon)
  4. 〜ひき (hiki)
Show the answer

B. Flat.

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