6.10 Energy from Wind

How Wind Energy Works

Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from moving air into electricity using large rotating blades connected to a generator. Wind is caused by uneven heating of Earth's surface, making it an indirect solar energy source. Turbines are often grouped in wind farms located in areas with consistent, strong winds, such as plains, coastlines, and mountain passes.

Advantages of Wind Power

Wind is a renewable, nonpolluting energy source that produces no greenhouse gases or air pollutants during operation. It requires no water for generation, and land beneath turbines can still be used for farming or grazing. Costs have dropped significantly, making wind increasingly competitive with fossil fuels.

Limitations of Wind Power

Wind is intermittent, so energy storage or backup power is needed when winds are calm. Turbines can kill birds and bats, create noise, and cause visual/aesthetic concerns (NIMBY — 'not in my backyard'). Good wind sites are often far from cities, requiring costly transmission infrastructure.

Key terms

Wind turbine

A device that converts kinetic energy of wind into electricity via rotating blades and a generator.

Why is wind an indirect solar energy source?

Uneven heating of Earth's surface by the sun creates the pressure differences that cause wind.

Main advantage of wind energy

Renewable and produces no air pollution or greenhouse gases during operation.

Main disadvantage of wind energy

Intermittent supply; also causes bird/bat deaths, noise, and visual impacts.

NIMBY

'Not In My Backyard' — public opposition to projects like wind farms being built nearby.

Try an AP-style question

What energy conversion happens in a wind turbine?

1. Kinetic energy → electrical energy
2. Thermal energy → chemical energy
3. Nuclear energy → thermal energy
4. Chemical energy → electrical energy