3.1 Home Networks

Home Network Basics

A home network connects devices to share resources and internet access, typically through a router and modem. The modem connects the home to the ISP (Internet Service Provider), while the router directs traffic between devices using IP addresses and assigns them via DHCP. Wired connections use Ethernet; wireless connections use Wi-Fi.

Securing Wireless Access

Wi-Fi routers broadcast an SSID (Service Set Identifier) and should use strong encryption like WPA2/WPA3 instead of outdated WEP. Default router passwords and admin credentials should always be changed since attackers know factory defaults. Firewalls, built into most routers, filter incoming/outgoing traffic to block unauthorized access.

Network Devices & Risks

Home networks include devices like computers, phones, printers, and IoT (Internet of Things) devices such as smart thermostats and cameras. IoT devices often have weak default security, making them common attack targets. Segmenting networks (e.g., guest networks) and keeping firmware updated reduce risks of unauthorized access and botnet recruitment.

Key terms

Router

Device that directs traffic between devices on a network and assigns local IP addresses.

Modem

Device that connects a home network to the Internet Service Provider (ISP).

WPA2/WPA3

Modern, secure encryption standards for protecting Wi-Fi networks.

SSID

The broadcast name identifying a wireless network.

Botnet

A network of compromised devices controlled remotely, often used for large-scale attacks like DDoS.

Try an AP-style question

Which Wi-Fi security protocol is strongest?

1. WPA
2. WPA3
3. Open network
4. WEP