7.1 Early Islamic Architecture

A new faith's art

Islamic art (from the 7th c.) avoided figural images in sacred settings, developing rich geometric pattern, arabesque (stylized vegetal design), and calligraphy instead.

The Dome of the Rock

The Dome of the Rock (Jerusalem, 691) is one of Islam's earliest monuments, a golden dome over sacred stone, covered in mosaics and Qur'anic inscriptions.

The mosque

The mosque is the key building type, with a mihrab (niche marking the direction of Mecca), a minaret (tower for the call to prayer), and a courtyard for gathering.

Key terms

Islamic sacred art

avoids figures; uses pattern, arabesque, calligraphy

Dome of the Rock

early Islamic monument, Jerusalem (691)

Mihrab

niche marking the direction of Mecca

Minaret

tower for the call to prayer

Arabesque

stylized vegetal ornament

Try an AP-style question

A mihrab in a mosque indicates…

1. the direction of Mecca
2. the main entrance
3. the burial site
4. the location of the imam's home